Unknown noreply@blogger.com Blogger 4 1 25 tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5553286916429168837.post-2826227907789716418 2010-10-04T14:54:00.000-07:00 2010-10-04T15:10:30.452-07:00 noreply@blogger.com Blogger 4 1 25 tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5553286916429168837.post August 2020. It has always defined men, all men without distinction, as creatures and images of God, proclaiming for them...the same dignity. "[247][248][249], LGBT groups such as the Italian Arcigay and German LSVD have announced that they found the pope's comments homophobic. It has a garden of more than 2,000 square meters that overlooks the monastery and is adjacent to the current "Pope's garden". Rome: Pope Luciani soon beatified, also Ratzinger has testified in his favor, but he lacks miracles. [74] On 23 October 2011, Benedict XVI canonized three saints: a Spanish nun Bonifacia Rodríguez y Castro, Italian archbishop Guido Maria Conforti and Italian priest Luigi Guanella. Prime Minister of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, said that the Pope told him in their meeting that while the Vatican seeks to stay out of politics it desires Turkey's membership in the EU. He served longer as a cardinal before becoming Pope than any Pontiff since Benedict XIII (1724–1730). Communio, now published in seventeen languages, including German, English and Spanish, has become a prominent journal of contemporary Catholic theological thought. Benedictus XVI Joseph Ratzinger 19.IV.2005 - 28.II.2013. Le Vatican adopte une loi unique contre la corruption. The move was unexpected. When Martino retired in 2009, the Councils each received its own preside once again. His resignation became effective on 28 February 2013. According to the newsletter article, this is why the Bible's Gospel of Matthew states, 'His blood be upon us and upon our children,' a phrase historically used by some Christians to justify anti-Semitism. The title of "Patriarch of the West" was first introduced into the papal court in 1870 at the time of the First Vatican Council in the publication Annuario Pontificio and was removed in the 2006 edition. [180][181] Despite the fact that Benedict pressured McCarrick to resign as Archbishop of Washington D.C. in 2006, McCarrick remained very active in ministry throughout Benedict's papacy and even made a very public appearance when he presided over U.S Senator Ted Kennedy's burial service at Arlington National Cemetery in 2009. The theologian Leonardo Boff, for example, was suspended, while others such as Matthew Fox were censured. Cardinal Ruini inaugurated the diocesan phase of the cause for beatification in the Lateran Basilica on 28 June 2005.[63]. [257], In 2015, it was reported that Benedict was "praying for migrants and refugees" from Syria. He wis electit on 19 Aprile 2005, in a papal conclave that he moderated ower in his capacity as dean o the College o Cardinals. Bush. He visitit Scotland on 16 September 2010 as pairt o a state veesit tae the Unitit Kinrick. [230] Moreover, according to the 1983 Code of Canon Law he is also Bishop Emeritus of Rome, retaining the sacred character received at his ordination as a bishop and receiving the title of emeritus of his diocese; although he doesn't use this style. [213] In 2015, Benedict spent the summer at Castel Gandolfo and participated in two public events. [174] Victim groups claim the letter failed to clarify if secular law enforcement has priority over canon law confidentiality pertaining to internal investigation of abuse allegations. In May 2009, he visited Israel. During this time, he distanced himself from the atmosphere of Tübingen and the Marxist leanings of the student movement of the 1960s that quickly radicalised, in the years 1967 and 1968, culminating in a series of disturbances and riots in April and May 1968. pape, benoît XVI, conclave, démission, pontificat, catholicisme, joseph Ratzinger Mariano de la Mata was beatified in November 2006 and Rosa Eluvathingal was beatified 3 December of that year, and Fr. "The church encourages the ratification of the international legal instruments that aim to defend the rights of migrants, refugees and their families," the Pope said. In late November 2006 Vatican insiders told the international press that the Pope had had a routine examination of the heart. [225], On 13 January 2020, Benedict published a book expressing his view that the Church must maintain its discipline of clerical celibacy, in light of ongoing debate on the issue.[226]. In 2007, China was accused of using its political influence to stop a meeting between the Pope and the Dalai Lama. Âgé de 93 ans, le pape émérite est atteint d'une maladie infectieuse au visage. Consequently, he resigned his post at Munich in early 1982. As pope emeritus, Benedict retains the style of His Holiness and continues to dress in the papal colour of white. On 29 September 2005, the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued a communiqué announcing that henceforth beatifications would be celebrated by a representative of the pope, usually the prefect of that Congregation.[66]. In April, the Vatican issued guidelines on how existing Church law should be implemented. Benedict's successor, Francis, completed and published Lumen Fidei in June 2013, four months after Benedict's retirement and Francis' succession. zum offiziellen Besuch in Deutschland", "Pope Benedict XVI begins first U.S. tour", "Bush, Thousands of Fans Welcome Pope at White House on His Birthday", "Pope Benedict Says Mass Before 47,000 in New Washington Stadium", "After Ground Zero Prayer, Pope Ministers to 60,000 in Stadium", "Pope apologises for 'evil' of child sex abuse", "Pope OK after woman knocks him down at Mass", "Pope delivers Christmas blessing after fall", "Pope Benedict forgives Susanna Maiolo one day after she knocked him down during Christmas Eve Mass", "Wrap-up: Pope Benedict's historic Malta visit ends", "Money paved way for Maciel's influence in the Vatican", "Will Ratzinger's past trump Benedict's present? It had not been seen since the pontificate of Pope John XXIII (1958–1963). His sister, Maria Ratzinger, who never married, managed Cardinal Ratzinger's household until her death in 1991. Benedict XVI followed this precedent when he waived the five-year rule for John Paul II. ‏ ‎‡b Pape (2005-2013 : Benoît XVI) ‏ 510 2 _ ‎‡a Église catholique ‏ ‎‡b Pape (2005-2013 : Benoît XVI) ‏ 500 0 _ ‎‡a Бенедикт ‏ ‎‡b XVI, ‏ ‎‡c папа римский, ‏ ‎‡d 1927-‏ Benedict travelled extensively during the first three years of his papacy. "[55][56] On 19 April 2005, he was elected on the second day after four ballots. Furthermore, he has much knowledge of Portuguese. [132] That meeting, the "First Meeting of the Catholic-Muslim Forum," was held from 4–6 November 2008. "[104], Sacramentum caritatis (The Sacrament of Charity), signed 22 February 2007, was released in Latin, Italian, English, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish and Polish. "[275] Benedict also stated that Mozart's music affected him greatly as a young man and "deeply penetrated his soul". "The only condition for the validity is the full freedom of the decision. Firstly, I remember Pope Benedict XV, that courageous prophet of peace, who guided the Church through turbulent times of war. He attended the elementary school in Aschau am Inn, which was renamed in his honour in 2009. Of these, only he and William Wakefield Baum took part in the conclave. "[248] Canadian author Daniel Gawthrop, in a critical biography, The Trial of Pope Benedict, said that the Pope blamed homosexuality "for a problem the church had willingly enabled for hundreds of years. Benedict chose to remove the title at a time when discussions with the Orthodox churches have centered on the issue of papal primacy. #[486108] vatican, pape benoit xvi, 5 euro, bÉatification du pape jean-paul ii World Coins / Vatican, Pape Benoit XVI, 5 Euro, Béatification du Pape Jean-Paul II, 2011 Javascript must be … [64] In October 2008, the following beatifications took place: Celestine of the Mother of God, Giuseppina Nicoli, Hendrina Stenmanns, Maria Rosa Flesch, Marta Anna Wiecka, Michael Sopocko, Petrus Kibe Kasui and 187 Companions, Susana Paz-Castillo Ramírez, and Maria Isbael Salvat Romero. "[265] The Declaration also reiterates Benedict XVI's call for Europe to preserve its Christian roots. A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. After a long career as a professor of theology at several German universities, he was appointed Archbishop of Munich and Freising and Cardinal by Pope Paul VI in 1977, an unusual promotion for someone with little pastoral experience. [107], The Pope considered that allowing the Tridentine Mass to those who request it was a means to prevent or heal schism, stating that, on occasions in history, "not enough was done by the Church's leaders to maintain or regain reconciliation and unity" and that this "imposes an obligation on us today: to make every effort to enable for all those who truly desire unity to remain in that unity or to attain it anew. [149], In April 2008, Benedict XVI made his first visit to the United States since becoming pope. The intellectual affinity between these two thinkers, who would later become decisive figures for the twentieth-century Church, was preoccupied with rediscovering the essential in Christianity: Guardini wrote his 1938 "The Essence of Christianity," while Ratzinger penned "Introduction to Christianity", three decades later in 1968. [254] In March 2012, he stated that heterosexual marriages should be defended from "every possible misrepresentation of their true nature". In 2001, Ratzinger convinced John Paul II to put the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in charge of all investigations and policies surrounding sexual abuse to combat such abuse more efficiently. [61] The decision was announced on 13 May 2005, the Feast of Our Lady of Fátima and the 24th anniversary of the attempt on John Paul II's life. Benedict XVI demittit as Pape on 28 Februar 2013, in the first papal demission syne 1415, an wis succeedit bi Pape Francis on 13 Mairch. On 2 January 2005, Time magazine quoted unnamed Vatican sources as saying that Ratzinger was a front runner to succeed John Paul II should he die or become too ill to continue as pope. "There isn't the slightest doubt about the validity of my resignation from the Petrine ministry," he wrote in a letter to the newspaper. His mother's family was originally from South Tyrol (now in Italy). [69] In October 2008, the following canonizations took place: Saint Alphonsa of India,[70] Gaetano Errico, Narcisa de Jesus Martillo Moran and Maria Bernarda Bütler. [180][181][182], Benedict XVI re-introduced several papal garments which had fallen into disuse. The pope said that the Church viewed the distinction as central to human nature, and "asks that this order of creation be respected". Le pape invoque lucifer. Other issues also prompted condemnations or revocations of rights to teach: for instance, some posthumous writings of Jesuit priest Anthony de Mello were the subject of a notification. [22][full citation needed] He has stated that his first foreign language is French. [160][161], In his homily, Benedict forgave Susanna Maiolo[162] and urged the world to "wake up" from selfishness and petty affairs, and find time for God and spiritual matters. On 19 July, in St. Mary's Cathedral, he made an apology for child sex abuse perpetrated by the clergy in Australia. [223], In July 2017, Benedict sent a message through his private secretary Monsignor Gänswein for the occasion of the funeral of Cardinal Joachim Meisner, who had suddenly died while on vacation in Germany. [25] Benedict's elder brother, Georg Ratzinger, was a Catholic priest and was the former director of the Regensburger Domspatzen choir. Le pape Benoît XVI est escorté dans un fauteuil roulant après un voyage du Vatican à son pays natal, l'Allemagne d'aujourd'hui La retraite le pape, qui était accompagné par son secrétaire, Mgr Georg Gaenswein, un médecin et une infirmière, a été pris pour être avec ses 96 ans, le frèr Benoît XVI cumule les records. [202] To protect it, there is a thick hedge and a fence. Benedict XVI celebrated his first canonizations on 23 October 2005 in St. Peter's Square when he canonized Josef Bilczewski, Alberto Hurtado SJ, Zygmunt Gorazdowski, Gaetano Catanoso and Felice da Nicosia. The Pope explained his choice of name during his first general audience in St. Peter's Square, on 27 April 2005: Filled with sentiments of awe and thanksgiving, I wish to speak of why I chose the name Benedict. On the death of John Paul II, the Financial Times gave the odds of Ratzinger becoming pope as 7–1, the lead position, but close to his rivals on the liberal wing of the church. He was originally a liberal theologian, but adopted conservative views after 1968. In 1986 the CDF sent a letter to all bishops entitled: On the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons. Benedict was the first pope to resign without external pressure since Celestine V in 1294. The man in charge of enforcing it for 20 years was Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the man made Pope last year. [113], Speaking at his weekly audience in St Peter's Square on 7 June 2006, Benedict asserted that Jesus himself had entrusted the leadership of the Church to his apostle Peter. However, in an audience with Benedict, Camillo Ruini, Vicar General of the Diocese of Rome and the official responsible for promoting the cause for canonization of any person who dies within that diocese, cited "exceptional circumstances" which suggested that the waiting period could be waived. [50] Later, as pope, he was accused in a lawsuit of conspiring to cover up the molestation of three boys in Texas, but sought and obtained diplomatic immunity from liability. Those Councils maintained their separate officials and staffs while their status and competencies continued unchanged, and in May 2007, Interreligious Dialogue was restored to its separate status again with its own president. Struck by the cardinal's distinctive garb, he announced later that day that he wanted to be a cardinal. [215] The library section dedicated to his life and thought is being catalogued. [133] On 9 May 2009, Benedict visited the King Hussein Mosque, Amman, Jordan where he was addressed by Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad. Islamic politicians and religious leaders, International Society for Krishna Consciousness, controversy about a lecture he had given at Regensburg, Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith, On the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons, secular by virtue of its state constitution, Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great, Grand Merit Cross with Star and Sash of the Federal Republic of Germany, Kartellverband katholischer deutscher Studentenvereine, Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria, Premio Internazionale di Cultura Cattolica, Premio Letterario Basilicata per la Letteratura e Poesia religiosa Spirituale, Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, "Biography of His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI", "Udienza Generale del 18 aprile 2007: Clemente Alessandrino | Benedetto XVI", "General Audience of 14 May 2008: Pseudo-Dionysius, the Areopagite | BENEDICT XVI", "General Audience, 23 August 2006: John, "the Seer of Patmos" | BENEDICT XVI", "General Audience of 4 May 2011: Man in Prayer (1) | BENEDICT XVI", "Benedict's New Name: Pope Emeritus, His Holiness Benedict XVI, Roman Pontiff Emeritus", "Vatican to publish entire work by bestselling author Pope Benedict XVI", "Disillusioned German Catholics: From Liberal to Conservative", "Benedict's encyclical offers hope for world", "Pope set to bring back Latin Mass that divided the Church", "Pope Benedict to open new Latin academy in the Vatican", "Pope Benedict XVI, the pontiff of aesthetics", "Men in White: Pope to meet Benedict XVI", "World Over – 23 February 2013 – Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger Interview Special with Raymond Arroyo", "Announcement of Pope Benedict XVI's resignation in Latin", United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, "Benedict XVI becomes oldest pope in history", "Vatican Radio – Pope Benedict: proud to be part of Tyrol a "land made by Angels, "A Future Pope Is Recalled: A Lover of Cats and Mozart, Dazzled by Church as a Boy", Zweite Durchführungsverordnung zum Gesetz über die Hitler-Jugend (Jugenddienstverordnung) vom 25. Only in this friendship do we experience beauty and liberation....When we give ourselves to Him, we receive a hundredfold in return. [234][235][236][237][238], Before 1 March 2006, the list of titles also used to contain that of a "Patriarch of the West", which traditionally appeared in that list of titles before "Primate of Italy". The first beatification under the new pope was celebrated on 14 May 2005, by José Cardinal Saraiva Martins, Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints. In his 1968 book Introduction to Christianity, he wrote that the pope has a duty to hear differing voices within the Church before making a decision, and he downplayed the centrality of the papacy. [274] His favorite composer is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, of whose music he said: "His music is by no means just entertainment; it contains the whole tragedy of human existence. Pope Benedict's elder brother, Georg Ratzinger, was a Catholic priest and was the for… [278] During his trip to Australia for World Youth Day in 2008 the media reported that festival organizers lent the Pope a grey cat called Bella[279] to keep him company during his stay. He is the third and youngest child of Joseph Ratzinger Sr., a police officer, and Maria Ratzinger (née Peintner); his grand-uncle was the German priest-politician Georg Ratzinger. BENEDICT XVI. ", "The Church is not trying to cover anything up". Pape Benoît XVI Les condoléances du Pape François à Benoît XVI après la mort de son frère Le Souverain Pontife a envoyé une lettre au Pape émérite après le décès de son frère, Georg Ratzinger, survenu ce mercredi 1er juillet à Ratisbonne (Bavière), à l’âge de 96 ans. [210] Weeks before this, he joined Francis in Saint Peter's Square for an audience with grandparents to honor their importance in society. [206] In the monastery, the pope emeritus does not live a cloistered life, but studies and writes. In his message, the Pope Emeritus referred to Meisner as a "passionate shepherd and pastor" who found it "difficult to leave his post". [283] Francis eventually took control of the @Pontifex account upon his election.[284]. Italian police reported that the woman had previously attempted to accost the Pope at the previous Christmas Eve Mass, but was prevented from doing so. [36] Despite his reformist bent, his views increasingly came to contrast with the liberal ideas gaining currency in theological circles.[37]. [255], In a message released 14 November 2006, during a Vatican press conference for the 2007 annual observance of World Day for Migrants and Refugees, the Pope urged the ratification of international conventions and policies that defend all migrants, including refugees, exiles, evacuees and internally displaced persons. At the same time, he supported the peaceful use of nuclear energy as a tool for development and the fight against poverty. Former pope Benedict XVI reported to be seriously ill. [260], In a 2004 Le Figaro interview, Ratzinger said that Turkey, which is demographically Muslim but governmentally secular by virtue of its state constitution, should seek its future in an association of Muslim nations rather than the European Union, which Ratzinger stated has Christian roots. He began using an open-topped papal car, saying that he wanted to be closer to the people. [259], On 13 November 2006, Benedict said that the dispute over the North Korea nuclear weapons program should be resolved through negotiations, in his first public comment on the security issue, a news report said. Vatican officials called the meeting "a significant stage in the progress of bilateral relations with Vietnam. [41][42] He served as Vice President of the University of Regensburg from 1976 to 1977. The first half is said to have been written by Benedict in German, his first language, in the summer of 2005; the second half is derived from uncompleted writings left by his predecessor, Pope John Paul II. Benoît XVI: Benoît XVI en 2010. Biographer Andrea Tornielli suggested that Cardinal Ratzinger had wanted to take action against Maciel Degollado, but that John Paul II and other high-ranking officials, including several cardinals and notably the Pope's influential secretary Stanisław Dziwisz, prevented him from doing so. His prolific writings[13] generally defend traditional Catholic doctrine and values. [196][197], In his declaration of 10 February 2013, Benedict XVI resigned as "Bishop of Rome, Successor of Saint Peter". Also in 2006, Benedict met Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury and spiritual head of the Anglican Communion. In addition to his native German, Benedict speaks French, Italian and English[20] fluently. Benedict is known to be deeply interested in classical music,[23] and is an accomplished pianist. "[93], In an address to a conference of the Diocese of Rome held at the basilica of St. John Lateran 6 June 2005, Benedict remarked on the issues of same sex marriage and abortion:[94]. [10] He continued to wear the white cassock but without the pellegrina or the fascia. From that point forward, he and his staff seemed driven by a convert's zeal to clean up the mess". Ratzinger and the congregation viewed many of them, particularly the later works, as having an element of religious indifferentism (i.e., Christ was "one master alongside others"). While in Castel Gandolfo, Benedict received two honorary doctorates, given to him by Kraków's Cardinal Stanislaw Dziwisz, John Paul II's longtime aide, from the Pontifical University of John Paul II and the Kraków Academy of Music. novembre 13, 2020 16:31 Anita Bourdin Benoît XVI. [115] However, his election received a more reserved response from the United Kingdom's Chief Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, who hoped that Benedict would "continue along the path of Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II in working to enhance relations with the Jewish people and the State of Israel. In 1963, he moved to the University of Münster. If we let Christ enter fully into our lives, if we open ourselves totally to Him, are we not afraid that He might take something away from us?...And once again the Pope said: No! La presse allemande a dit que le Pape Benoît xvi ne sera pas autorisé à donner des interviews écrites ou vidéo. The asteroid 8661 Ratzinger was named in his honor for the role he played in supervising the opening of Vatican archives in 1998 to researchers investigating judicial errors against Galileo and other medieval scientists. The ceremony took place on Tuesday, 21 October 2014 during the opening of the academic year. Rarely used by John Paul II, it was more widely worn by his predecessors. Until his election as pope, he remained one of the journal's most prolific contributors. (The cardinals had formally sworn their obedience upon his election.) I bless all of you from my heart. He pointed out that use of Tridentine Mass "was never juridically abrogated and, consequently, in principle, was always permitted. "[246], On 22 December 2008, the pope gave an end-of-year message to the Roman Curia in which he talked about gender and the important distinction between men and women. Blake Britton discuss G.K. Chesterton and Pope Benedict XVI. In particular, Dominus Iesus, published by the congregation in the jubilee year 2000, reaffirmed many recently "unpopular" ideas, including the Catholic Church's position that "Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to men by which we must be saved." He stated that "sex is no longer a given element of nature, that man has to accept and personally make sense of: it is a social role that we choose for ourselves", and "The words of the creation account: "male and female he created them" (Gen 1:27) no longer apply". In June 2007, Benedict made a personal pilgrimage and pastoral visit to Assisi, the birthplace of St. Francis. From 2002 until his election as pope, he was also Dean of the College of Cardinals. In March 2006, he placed both the Pontifical Council for Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant Peoples and the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace under a single president, Cardinal Renato Martino. [122][123][124][125] The lifting of his excommunication led critics to charge that the Pope was condoning his historical revisionist views. [90], He said that "a dictatorship of relativism"[91] was the core challenge facing the church and humanity. At the age of five, Ratzinger was in a group of children who welcomed the visiting Cardinal Archbishop of Munich, Michael von Faulhaber, with flowers. I ask him to help us all to hold firm to the centrality of Christ in our Christian life: May Christ always take first place in our thoughts and actions![60]. The English edition from Libera Editrice Vaticana is 158 pages. The various forms of the dissolution of matrimony today, like free unions, trial marriages and going up to pseudo-matrimonies by people of the same sex, are rather expressions of an anarchic freedom that wrongly passes for true freedom of man...from here it becomes all the more clear how contrary it is to human love, to the profound vocation of man and woman, to systematically close their union to the gift of life, and even worse to suppress or tamper with the life that is born. Benedict XVI remained there for two weeks. Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger was born on 16 April, Holy Saturday, 1927, at Schulstraße 11, at 8:30 in the morning in his parents' home in Marktl, Bavaria, Germany. [171] When Maciel was honored by the Pope in 2004, new accusers came forward[171] and Cardinal Ratzinger "took it on himself to authorize an investigation of Maciel". [175][176][177] The Pope then promised to introduce measures that would "safeguard young people in the future" and "bring to justice" priests who were responsible for abuse. The former pope suffered the hematoma earlier after having slipped. [31] As the Allied front drew closer to his post in 1945, he deserted back to his family's home in Traunstein after his unit had ceased to exist, just as American troops established a headquarters in the Ratzinger household. He taught the importance of both the Catholic Church and an understanding of God's redemptive love. – autobiographical): Pursell, Brennan, Benedict of Bavaria: An Intimate Portrait of the Pope and His Homeland (Circle Press, 2008). [98] The encyclical was promulgated a month later in Latin and was translated into English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese and Spanish. During his inaugural Mass, the previous custom of every cardinal submitting to the Pope was replaced by having twelve people, including cardinals, clergy, religious, a married couple and their child, and newly confirmed people, greet him. As pope, one of Benedict XVI's main roles was to teach about the Catholic faith and the solutions to the problems of discerning and living the faith,[82] a role that he could play well as a former head of the Church's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. [126], Benedict's relations with Islam were strained at times. [239], In 2005, the pope listed several ways to combat the spread of HIV, including chastity, fidelity in marriage and anti-poverty efforts; he also rejected the use of condoms. "[86] He also said: "We are all called to open ourselves to this friendship with God... speaking to him as to a friend, the only One who can make the world both good and happy... That is all we have to do is put ourselves at his disposal...is an extremely important message. Image VaticanUne histoire ….Voici quelques dates clés du pontificat de Benoit XVI. [96], The encyclical contains almost 16,000 words in 42 paragraphs. For this I am deeply grateful to him, and as his brother in Christ I have taken up his fine work and added a few contributions of my own. [48] For 20 years, Ratzinger had been the man in charge of enforcing the document. In their Common Declaration, they highlighted the previous 40 years of dialogue between Catholics and Anglicans while also acknowledging "serious obstacles to our ecumenical progress". Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger was born on 16 April, Holy Saturday, 1927, at Schulstraße 11, at 8:30 in the morning in his parents' home in Marktl, Bavaria, Germany. The battery in the pacemaker had been replaced three months earlier, a routine procedure, but that did not influence his decision. In his retirement, Benedict XVI has made occasional public appearances alongside Francis. During his visit, he suggested that altering sexual behavior was the answer to Africa's AIDS crisis, and urged Catholics to reach out and convert believers in sorcery.